Volcano-Science

Aim: I'm gonna make a model of a volcano
Equipment: Clay (light brown), empty tissue roll, ice cream container lid/carton, glue, fake grass
Method:
1. First place the tissue roll the ice cream container lid
2. Start building up layers with clay around the roll.
3. Add more clay until you have formed a mound around the tissue roll.
4. Leave it to dry for 3 to 4 days
5. Use glue and add fake grass.
6. Done

Discussion:
Volcanoes are the most explosive landforms. A volcano is an opening of the Earth's crust through which is lava, volcanic ash, and gases escape high into the atmosphere. Active volcanoes are erupting volcanoes that are going to erupt soon and Dormant volcanoes is an active volcano that is not erupting but supposed to erupt again. Volcanoes mostly occur along with destructive and constructive plate boundaries where plates are pushed together or drag apart. How are volcanoes formed( Plate tectonics)? The Earth's crust is composed of sections of rocks which are called tectonic plates. The Tectonic plates resemble puzzle pieces which move constantly against each other. What causes these plates to move? The mantle near the core is much hotter the mantle near the crust, the temperature set up convection currents which causes the movement of the plates. The friction created two plates by the constant movements melts the Earth's crust causing the rock beneath the crust turns to magma due to the great temperature created by friction. The molten hot rock or magma creates pressure, and over time it finds its way through fault or cracks plate. When the magma reaches into the earth's surface it is called magma. 1500 volcanoes around the world are considered as active, nearly 90% lies in the ring of fire, which is a ring of oceanic volcanoes circling the ocean. Most divergent plate boundaries lie in the bottom of the oceans. That is why most volcanic activity occurs in the ocean. Volcanoes may be also formed at subduction zones. Subduction is a place where two plates, one oceanic plate and one continental plate collide. At a subduction zone, an oceanic plate submerges under a continental plate, creating a magma. When it reaches the surface, it forms a volcano.

Parts of Volcano

Types of Volcanoes
Cinder Cone volcano
- The Cinder Cone volcano is the simplest type of volcano. They occur when particles and blob of lava are ejected from a volcano vent. a Vent is the opening of a volcano which lava flows.




Composite volcano
- Composite volcano or tall conical volcano has a conduit system inside them that channels magma from deep within the Earth to the surface. It can grow thousands of meters tall and can explode violently.

Shield volcano
- Shield volcanoes are large and broad that looks like shields from above. The lava that pours out of shield volcano is thin, it can travel for a distance down the shallow slopes of the volcano. This volcano builds up slowly over time, with hundreds of eruptions, creating many layers. Also, they're not likely to explode catastrophically.

Lava domes 
Lava Domes are created by small masses of lava which are too viscous(thick) to flow very far. The magma from the volcanic domes pile up over and around the vents








                                                              Evaluation:

Here is my completed model and I am proud of what I did. I didn't use a tissue roll because I don't have any enough clay to use for my volcano model so I use my old lip balm lid, it's small but it's useful. Also, It would be so much better if I use the ice cream container lid instead of carton. For the fake grass, I use paper instead of plastic grass. So if you don't have a fake grass I would recommend you to use a paper and coloured it into the green. I enjoyed making this because it only takes 20 min to make. If I want to learn more about the volcano, I'm going to research more about volcanoes like "what happened if the volcano erupts or research about geysers.